Clusters play an increasingly important role in regional socio-economic development. With the help of such structural entities, socially important issues are being solved, infrastructure development of regions and municipalities is being implemented, the investment climate is improving and various innovative projects are being implemented, new products, services and technologies are being created, and the level and quality of life of the population is increasing. The article consideres issues related to the formation, development and improvement of the energy cluster regulation system in the largest raw material regions of Russia. For the analysis, two subjects of the Privolzhsky Federal District of the Russian Federation were selected: the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main indicators of development of energy clusters in these regions were determined, and the degree of influence of individual indicators on the level of social and economic development of regions was analyzed on the basis of correlation-regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, recommendations were proposed for improving the efficiency of energy clusters management.