An innovative agricultural technique of crop growing in droughty regions based on subsurface self-watering with aerial vaporous moisture is developed. The main goal of the technique concerned is to control a drought. The subsurface conditions and agroecosystem properties (soil temperature, moisture, depth, configuration of root system) providing the highest efficiency of the technique are established. An engineering solution for optimization of the processes of subsurface vaporous moisture condensation in close vicinity to the root system of crops is suggested. Some strength elements of the existing technologies (direct sowing, resource-saving agriculture, binary sowing) were united into a single agriculture system; these elements supplement the developed technique and increase its efficiency.