\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f<\/p>\n

Original article<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0414\u041a 621.742.43<\/p>\n

doi: 10.24412\/2413-046\u0425-2021-10595\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFITABILITY OF USING CLAYS AS ADDITIVES TO THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS BASED ON MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0410 \u0420\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u0411\u0415\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0418\u0421\u041f\u041e\u041b\u042c\u0417\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0413\u041b\u0418\u041d\u042b \u041a\u0410\u0427\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415 \u0414\u041e\u0411\u0410\u0412\u041e\u041a \u041a \u0422\u0415\u041f\u041b\u041e\u0418\u0417\u041e\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u041c \u041c\u0410\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0410\u041c \u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0415 \u041c\u0418\u041d\u0415\u0420\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n

This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08957668)<\/em><\/p>\n

Aimbetova Indira Orazgalievna, <\/strong>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan, \u0435-mail: science@ayu.edu.kz<\/p>\n

Aimbetova <\/strong>E<\/strong>lmira Orazgalievna<\/strong>, <\/strong>correspondent author, National Center for Comprehensive Treatment of Kazakhstan Republic Mineral Raw Material, Almaty, Kazakhstan, \u0435-mail: de7482@mail.ru<\/p>\n

\u0410\u0439\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, <\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a, \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u042f\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0435-mail: science@ayu.edu.kz<\/p>\n

\u0410\u0439\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, <\/strong>\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440-\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0435-mail: de7482@mail.ru<\/p>\n

Abstract. <\/strong>The article discusses the contributes to the development of a new focus on the use of various mixtures of natural raw materials and waste in the construction materials industry as a strategically important direction for solving the environmental burden and recycling industrial waste with a feasibility study that improves the state of the environment.<\/p>\n

This problem is particularly relevant in the production of building materials used in environmentally distressed areas of the republic and in conditions of intense corrosion and erosion wear. The production of efficient building materials and products that meet the modern requirements of environmental friendliness, basic physical and mechanical characteristics, availability and cost is an important and not fully solved task in the field of construction and the construction materials industry.<\/p>\n

Analysis have been conducted on the current state of the local availability of perspective materials for high-quality composite construction materials, their chemical and mineralogical and granulometric properties have been studied, the influence of the granulometric composition of the basic properties of a composite material and features of the structure formation during heat treatment were studies; physical and mechanical properties of the obtained compositions were tested.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u00a0\u00a0 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u00a0 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n

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Keywords: <\/strong>natural raw materials, clays, petrographic analysis, minerals, thermal insulation materials<\/p>\n

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u0435, \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Introduction.<\/strong>It is well known that Kazakhstan has accumulated more than 30 billion tons of various technogenicwaste, including about 20 billion tons of mining and metallurgical complexes. Every year, about 4-5 million tons of solid household waste and about 700 million tons of industrial waste are generated in the republic, of which about 250-300 million tons are toxic. Despite the annual growth in the volume of waste generated, only a small part of it is recycled and reused — about 20 %. In all regions of the republic, the bulk of waste is stored in dumps, landfills, and storage facilities that do not meet environmental and sanitary standards.<\/p>\n

Waste from mining and processing of mineral raw materials [1,2], as well as subsequent processing in metallurgy [3-5], chemical industry [6-8] and energy [9-12] were the main factors of large-scale environmental pollution [13-17]. Another type of the most dangerous for national health and for the environment is the waste of chemical enterprises [18, 19].<\/p>\n

Thus, the variety of secondary raw materials: multi-tonnage industrial waste, sometimes not inferior in chemical and mineralogical composition to raw materials extracted from the earth’s entrails, and sometimes superior in technological parameters, requires a highly qualified approach to them, ensuring their effective use in construction [20-23].Established national strategy for the regulation of regional and global waste management based on coordinated, integrated and effective regulatory work, ensuring the environmental safety of public health, contributes to the consideration of all options for minimizing waste flows [10, 24].<\/p>\n

In conditions of shortage of raw materials, the role of saving material resources increases, primarily due to the involvement of secondary material resources in the economic turnover. Calculations show that in the case of complex use of raw materials and technogenic products, the production of many of them can be increased by 25-30 %. Resource saving becomes comprehensive as well as part of the economic worldview as a system of views on the world [25-27].<\/p>\n

With significant volumes of technogenic accumulations, the level of their utilization is low. The construction industry can be the main consumer of industrial waste.The production of building materials is the most material-and energy-intensive branch of human activity. In this direction, natural resources are used that are as ready for use as possible, since they require significant labor costs. The extraction of natural resources from interconnected natural states, where their presence ensures the balance and stability of the environment, introduces an imbalance in the system of self-organizing processes of the geosystem [25]. At the same time, there is a significant reduction in the reserves of high-quality natural materials, and the anthropogenic load on the environment increases when technogenicdeposits are formed from newly formed waste [28].<\/p>\n

Industrial waste by chemical, granulometric and phase-mineral composition is largely identical to natural mineral raw materials [16, 29]. Based on this, we believe that the use of a different mixture of waste in the construction materials industry is one of the strategic ways to solve the environmental problem to improve the state of the environment in our region.<\/p>\n

In the southern region of the country there are deposits of polymetallic ores (the south-western slope of the Karatau ridge, near the city of Kentau, Achisay, Baizhansay, Mirgalimsay deposits, etc.). Of great industrial interest are the deposits of iron ores of the Karatau ridge. Available mineral resources for the production of building materials such as limestone, gypsum, quartz sand, refractory ceramic and bentonite clay, mineral paints, ornamental stones. On the territory of the Turkestan region, there are known deposits of 5 types of mineral raw materials suitable for the production of building materials. The largest number of deposits are brick raw materials (9), carbonate rocks (3), gypsum (6) and cement raw materials (5), which together make up 92 of 142 or 64.8% of the total number of 5 types of raw materials. Meanwhile, the large reserves of clay gypsum discovered in the territory of the Turkestan region remain unutilized due to the low concentration of gypsum in nature.<\/p>\n

High growth rates of industrial production can be ensured by the development of a modern, highly efficient technology for involving industrial waste in the complex processing of technogenic waste. The scientific task of great practical importance is the development of composite materials without their processing, which does not require additional costs. This problem is particularly relevant in the production of building materials used in environmentally distressed areas of the republic and in conditions of intense corrosion and erosion wear. The production of efficient building materials and products that meet the modern requirements of environmental friendliness, basic physical and mechanical characteristics, availability and cost is an important and not fully solved task in the field of construction and the construction materials industry. The focus of the state’s policy on low-height construction requires the involvement in the construction industry of such modern materials and technologies for their production, which would significantly reduce the use of material and fuel-energy resources while maximizing the use of local raw materials and waste [30-32].<\/p>\n

According to the literature review, research aimed at the development of building materials with improved construction, technical and environmental properties for urban planning and restoration works is currently relevant.<\/p>\n

Also, it should be recognized that the literature review on this topic states the relevance of scientific and applied research aimed at developing building materials with improved construction, technical and environmental properties recommended for urban planning and restoration work.<\/p>\n

This fact contributes to the development of a new focus on the use of various mixtures of natural raw materials and waste in the construction materials industry as a strategically important direction for solving the environmental burden and recycling industrial waste with a feasibility study that improves the state of the environment. The use of secondary mineral resources for the production of building materials is relevant from different perspectives [17,18]. Therefore, the development of thermal insulation materials based on technogenic and natural raw materials with specified thermal properties is a very urgent task.<\/p>\n

The purpose of this work is to study a new composition of thermal insulation material from industrial waste of the Turkestan region with improved construction- technical and environmental properties, intended for civil construction.<\/p>\n

For the study, the original components were analyzed, selected from the technogenic and natural formations of the Turkestan region, namely, the overburden of the Achisai polymetallic combine and the clay deposits of the Ibata, Urangai and Sauran. Quality control of the products obtained is carried out by determining the physicochemical properties of the object of study. The selected research methods and the proposed technology are the most rational, without analogues and with a low cost. Rational compositions of composite materials based on local natural raw materials and industrial wastes have been obtained, ensuring the production of solid, durable and economically viable products for civil construction.<\/p>\n

Research technique.<\/strong>Methods of collecting primary (initial) information, its sources and application for solving the problems of the work are based on the analysis of domestic\/foreign literary and stock materials using a systematic approach, as well as theoretical developments, laboratory and field experiments are the basis of research, and is of an applied nature. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research will also be the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the development of composite materials based on industrial waste.<\/p>\n

The work was carried out on the basis of updated methodological guidelines for conducting analytical and testing work, certified measurement methods, updated SGT-s, as well as other regulatory documents necessary for conducting research work. The research work was carried out both in the laboratory and in the production environment. Scientific research is based on the results obtained during laboratory, large-scale laboratory and pilot-industrial tests and other types of analysis.<\/p>\n

Detailed order and mechanism for conducting research:<\/p>\n

— analysis have been conducted on the current state of the local availability of perspective materials for high-quality composite construction materials,their chemical and mineralogical and granulometric properties have been studied, the influence of the granulometric composition of the basic properties of a composite material and features of the structure formation during heat treatment were studies;physical and mechanical properties of the obtained compositions were tested;<\/p>\n

\u00a0— optimal compositions and technological schemes for the production of composite materials based on the use of technogenic waste, natural raw materials and their mixtures have been developed to ensure the production of high-quality construction products with specified thermomechanical properties;<\/p>\n

— the optimization of compositions and properties of compositions was carried out using mathematical planning methods, which made it possible to predict changes in the properties of composite materials depending on the number, weight of the components and the size of the filler granules;<\/p>\n

— experimental batches of at least 3 main types of construction products were obtained.<\/p>\n

The final products of the project are the following export-oriented, low-cost, economically viable, environmentally friendly, socially acceptable building materials and products:<\/p>\n