Summary: <\/strong>Efficiency (from the English. Effect ) \u2013 achievement\nof any certain results with the minimum possible costs or obtaining the maximum\npossible volume of production from a given amount of resources. That is, in the\nmost General sense, effectiveness is the degree to which a goal is achieved or the\nratio of the result to the goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\neffectiveness of the system is the property of the system to fulfill the goal\nin the given conditions of use and with a certain quality. Performance\nindicators characterize the degree of adaptation of the system to perform its\ntasks and are generalizing indicators of the optimal functioning of the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the\nanalysis of the concept of efficiency it is advisable to use the development of\neconomic science, which is considered most fully and comprehensively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Economic efficiency is about maximizing the benefits of available resources. To do this, the benefits and costs must be constantly compared, that is, a prerequisite for the effectiveness of rational behavior, which is to strive for maximum profit (result) at minimum cost. Economic efficiency can mainly be reduced to financial indicators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eco-economic\nefficiency \u2013 the availability to realize the goal in the most environmentally\nfriendly way (or to implement an environmental project or event), which is\neconomically feasible and has a positive economic result (profit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keyword: <\/strong>Social requirements, economic security, sustainable\ndevelopment, progress, society.<\/p>\n\n\n\nFollowing the\nformulation of the goal, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of\nindicators of sustainable development is to determine the criteria for\ncompliance with this goal and the corresponding indicators of their assessment,\nquantitative or qualitative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Finally, the\nmost difficult task is to assess the cost-benefit ratio to the level of achievement\nof the goal and its significance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
It should be\nnoted that now the regulatory and methodological framework for assessing the\neffectiveness of the implementation of sustainable development indicators is\npractically not created. At the same time, since the relevant indicative\nsystems are introduced primarily within the framework of the formation of\nsustainable development management mechanisms, their effectiveness can be\nindirectly determined by analyzing the effectiveness of such management [2, p.\n32]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Management\neffectiveness is generally defined as the achievement of a real and socially\nuseful specific management goal with minimal resources and management energy in\nthe optimal time, taking into account the circumstances of the external and\ninternal nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sustainable\ndevelopment management aims to achieve and maintain such a state of a certain\nsocio-economic and natural system, which can be characterized by the definition\nof «sustainable development».<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Management of\nsustainable development of the territory (region) requires the implementation\nof certain phased management actions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- assessment of the state and definition of the conceptual framework for sustainable development of the relevant territory;<\/li>
- strategic planning (definition of sustainable development strategy);<\/li>
- strategic forecasting (determination of forecast indicators of sustainable development in accordance with the strategy);<\/li>
- operational management and monitoring;<\/li>
- assessment of the status of implementation of the relevant strategy and strategic planning for the next period.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
At each of\nthe above stages, indicators of sustainable development carry out appropriate\nfunctions and to achieve proper efficiency in their implementation must meet\ncertain requirements [4, p. 68].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Assessment of\nthe state of sustainable development requires the formation of a system of\nrepresentative indicators that can provide :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- comparative analysis of the level of «sustainability» of development for each of the main components (economic, environmental, social);<\/li>
- analysis of the level of integrated «constancy» of the region’s development in comparison with other regions;<\/li>
- identification of key «weak» links that critically affect the level of stability of the region.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
For a\ncomparative analysis of the main components of sustainable development of the\nregion and its correlation with other regions, it seems appropriate to use the\nrelevant aggregated indicators \u2013 economic, social and environmental development\nindices, methodologically defined at the international level, special indices\n(human development, environmental sustainability, true savings, etc.) and the\nintegrated sustainable development index (currently, several methodological\noptions for its calculation have been developed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At the same\ntime, a more detailed analysis aimed at identifying the «weak points»\nof regional development requires the use of more specific and narrowly\nspecialized indicators. To this end, it seems appropriate to use a system of\nindicators covering the main substantive aspects of sustainable development in\neach of its three basic areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For strategic\nplanning and strategic forecasting, the key task is a comprehensive assessment\nof all components of sustainable development and identification of appropriate\ntasks both for each of them and for certain integral characteristics of the\nregion’s development. Therefore, at this stage, the most effective integrated\nassessment systems are seen, which include both simple indicators and some\naggregated indicators and are structurally formed according to the principles\nof «theme-problem-indicator» and\/or «goals-tasks-indicator»\n[6, p. 87]. In principle, the key tasks of strategic planning and forecasting\ncan be effectively solved and model system indicators «the\npressure-stoneacre». But so far, the practical application of this\napproach «in its pure form» has revealed significant technical and\ninformational difficulties associated with the need to promptly obtain,\nprocess, interpret and analyze large amounts of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A separate\napproach requires the formation of the use of indicator systems to monitor the\nstatus of implementation-<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Regarding\nmonitoring, strategic and operational monitoring should be singled out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Strategic\nmonitoring involves monitoring the dynamics of changes in the state of the main\ncomponents of sustainable development and correlating them with the relevant\nstrategic objectives and plans. Therefore, for the implementation of strategic\nmonitoring suitable systems are seen, which include aggregated indices of the\nmain components of sustainable development and indicators and indicators on the\nbasis of which these indices are calculated [8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Operational\nmonitoring requires, first of all, tracking the dynamics of changes in more\n«narrow» areas, especially those that are critical for assessing the\nsustainable development of a particular region. For a representative assessment\nof such changes in addition to the standard set of indicators, it is necessary\nto use special indicators that reflect the specifics of the structure of\nsustainable development of this region and make it possible to quickly monitor\nthe state of Affairs in its «critical points».<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Direct\nmanagement of sustainable development of the region can be carried out both by\nadjusting the current plans and short-term forecasts, and through the adoption\nof direct management measures aimed at normalizing critical situations arising\nin certain areas and sectors of activity and have a negative impact on the\nsustainable development of the region. Therefore, the requirements to the\nsystem of evaluation of regional sustainable development for the implementation\nof direct control include the wording of the strategic and operational\nmonitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
That is, for\nthe implementation of monitoring and measures of direct management of\nsustainable development of the region, the most effective are the assessment\nsystems of key (basic), additional and specific indicators. The first reflect\nthe most important parameters of regional development \u2013 the growth rate of GRP,\nthe dynamics of investment in fixed capital, changes in production in the main\nsectors, the scale of anthropogenic impact on the environment, the level of\npoverty, true savings, the human development index, and the like. The second\nallows us to assess the quality of regional macroeconomic policy \u2013 the nature\nof the economy, the technological level, income differentiation, the state of\nthe labor force and the like. Still others make it possible to take into\naccount the relevant regional specifics [10, \u0441. 80].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A separate\nand very important group of goals (functions) assigned to the system of\nindicative assessment of sustainable development of the region are the actual\ninformation goals. They provide for the rapid and systematic provision of\naccessible, understandable and representative information on the state of\nsustainable development to the public and to officials who influence management\ndecisions. To perform these functions, the relevant indicators must first meet\nthe requirements of simplicity of perception and unambiguity of interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Informing the\npublic and officials about the status and dynamics of sustainable development\ncan be effectively achieved through a reduced list of aggregates, most of which\nare to some extent generally acceptable, methodologically defined at the\ninternational level and «cross-cutting», i.e. used at different\nterritorial levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In some\ncases, when there is a significant imbalance of development in the region due\nto the presence of certain very problematic enterprises, industries, facilities\nand the like, as a General information it is advisable to use special\nindicators that reflect the state and dynamics of changes in such problematic\nparts of the relevant territorial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
From the\nabove analysis it becomes clear that there is no single correct decision on the\neffectiveness of a particular type of indicators, structure or model of the\nsystem for assessing the sustainability of regional development. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Since the\nconcept of «sustainable development» is integrative and covers a very\nwide range of goals, objectives and areas of activity, the requirements for the\nsystem of assessments of the level of sustainability are very differentiated\ndepending on the specific purpose, functions and specifics of the relevant\nterritorial entity [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If we\nconsider the assessment of the sustainable development of the region in a broad\nsense, there is a place in the relevant system of indicators for almost all\ntheir types, types, structures and models. Separately:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
High level of\naggregation indices \u2013 the index of sustainable development, indices of the main\ncomponents of sustainable development, generally accepted\n«international» indices \u2013 should be used for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n