The research is aimed at studying the state and territorial imbalances in the development of grain farming in Russia, identifying the main areas of production and processing of grain crops, as well as priority areas for the development of the subcomplex. The study was conducted using a number of methods and approaches, among which the main ones were horizontal and vertical analysis, statistical and economic methods of analysis, and the graphical method. In the development of the grain industry in Russia, territorial imbalances remain between the localization of the main grain growing and processing zones, largely related to logistical and economic factors. Thus, despite the leadership of the Krasnodar territory and the Rostov region in terms of gross grain harvests, the largest areas of the milling industry are the Moscow and Leningrad regions. The geographical location of grain growing areas is determined to the greatest extent by natural and climatic features, while locally processing of grown grain is practically not carried out. The scientific novelty lies in the assessment of the zonal location of grain production and processing with the formation of a scheme for the geographical location of production and processing zones in relation to the map of Russia.