The state of Russia's export potential in the context of the fuel and energy complex is analyzed through a comprehensive study of the level of reserves and extraction of raw energy resources, as well as the volumes and directions of exports of such products. The assessment of the development of the fuel and energy complex as one of the most important real sectors of the country's economy has been made. Based on the analysis and assessment, a number of problems faced by the executive authorities of the Russian Federation in the formation of the export potential of raw materials in the fuel and energy industry are formulated.