This article covers issues related to fishing and aquaculture in the regions along which the Northern Sea Route passes. A geographical description of the three main fishing areas is given. The study found that thanks to the development of the icebreaker and tanker fleet, there are prerequisites for the development of the container fleet, on the ships of which refrigerated containers with fish and seafood will be additionally transported in addition to other cargo. The forecast is justified that projects for the export of fish and seafood will ensure a stable cargo flow in the water area of ​ ​ the Northern Sea Route. These processes will contribute to the development of the icebreaker and auxiliary fleet, navigation support, port infrastructure, which will lead to an increase in the transportation of transit goods along the Northern Sea Route, to the development of the fisheries complex in the Arctic and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a whole.