The development of a system of specially protected natural areas and ensuring its sustainable functioning is an important mechanism in solving the problems of preserving natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes. Currently, specially protected areas are a multidimensional resource of the subject: biosphere, scientific, environmental and educational, recreational and tourist, aesthetic and spiritual resources. The changes that have taken place over the past two decades in the geopolitical, economic and social spheres have influenced the quality of the unique natural objects and complexes. In general, there is a gradual increase in anthropogenic pressure on specially protected natural areas. At present, in the Tyumen region, taking into account the autonomous okrugs, the use of land resources of specially protected natural areas for the implementation of investment projects in the field of industrial production, including for the purpose of geological exploration and the development of oil and gas fields, is economically efficient, but the social and environmental components are not taken into account.