As evidenced by numerous studies the issues of government regulation in the agricultural industry are undoubtedly of a relevant topic. Despite this, in our country, no unified position regarding which of the public policy measures most efficiently affect the development of the agricultural industry has yet been developed. When addressing the issue of improving the government regulation in the agricultural sector, the issue of regulating the quality of produced products and their safety for consumers is inextricably considered. The national security of Russia depends on solving the issue of the quality of agricultural production, and in this regard, the essence and correlation of such concepts as the “food security” and the “product safety” have been examined, and what is more there has been raised the issue of ensuring the quality of agricultural products in the framework of government regulation.