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<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nUDC 502.3:91 (571.65\/66)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n DOI 10.24411\/2413-046\u0425-2019-10199<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u042d\u041a\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u041e-\u042d\u041a\u041e\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u042b \u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0419 \u0414\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0415\u0413\u041e \u0412\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410 \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Sci\u00adence and Higher Education of the Russian Federation\/(Russia) (theme \u201cGeograph\u00adical and geopolitical factors in the inertia, dynamics and development of different ranked territorial structures of the economy and the settlement of the population of Pacific Russia \u201d, No. \u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041016-116110810013-5), supported in part by RFBR (projects No. 18-05-60103,18-05-80006)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, <\/strong>\u043a.\u0433.\u043d., \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, <\/strong>\u043a.\u0433.\u043d., \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044c, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0422\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, <\/strong>\u043a.\u0433.\u043d., \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stepanko N. G., Stepanko A. A., Tkachenko G. G.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Summary:<\/strong> In connection with the ecological and economic contradictions of the further development of the Far Eastern North, the problem of choosing the most reasonable, balanced scenario for the development of these territories.The purpose <\/strong>of this study is to analyze the environmental and economic situation in these territories and identify possible changes in natural-industrial relations. The subject<\/strong> of the study is the correlation of economic opportunities for the further development and development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Far East (RFE) and the possible environmental consequences of this development. Using the method of statistical analysis, graphical and cartographic methods, the results<\/strong> are obtained: the causes of environmental problems were identified, based on the calculations, a characteristic of the ecological state and economic support of environmental protection is given, the possible environmental consequences when implementing the main, promising types economic activity. The presented study was performed for the considered territories for the first time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: <\/strong>\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439.\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 (\u0420\u0424\u042d) \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b: \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Key words:<\/strong> Far East Arctic zone, ecological situation, economic activity, mineral raw material base, economic sufficiency index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Introduction<\/strong>. Territories of the arctic zone differ by the high\nvulnerability of the natural environment to the anthropogenic impacts and low\nrate of the restoring the damage of both separate components and natural\nenvironment as a whole [1]. An analysis of information on environmental\ncondition of the Chukotka AR and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) allows us to make\na conclusion of the unfavorable environmental situation in the regions. At\npresent time, the arctic zone of RF is under the heavy anthropogenic impact in\nthe areas of developing the reserves of the most important mineral resources,\nfirst of all, natural gas and oil [2-6]. The surface waters in the areas of extraction\nof raw minerals and hydrocarbons, activity of the enterprises of ferrous and\nnon-ferrous metallurgy, mining, pulp and paper \nindustries, heat power industry, housing and utilities sector, transport\netc. are subjected to very strong anthropogenic impact. The existing\nenvironmental management system in the particular areas of the Russian Arctic\nhas resulted in the emergence of the strongly changed by the economic activity\nterritories where the disturbance of the existing dynamic equilibrium of the\nenvironment has caused a change in the natural geochemical background,\ndepletion of biodiversity, degradation of soils and vegetation, development of\nerosion processes and environmental pollution [7-9]. Based on results of the\nRussian Federation regions ranking in respect of the quality of life [10],\nwhere the indicators of environmental quality were included along with the\nsocio-economic indices, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka AR have\noccupied 72\/65 and 79\/80 places in 2015\/2014 among considered 85 regions. In\nthis regard, in addition to the economic interest in the development and development\nof the Far Eastern Arctic of Russia, the problem of balancing environmental and\neconomic interests and preserving these unique territories is becoming urgent\nfor the world community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The main objectives of our study are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Materials and methods<\/strong>. The work was carried out on the territory of the\nuluses of a certain and approved at the time of the study of the Arctic zone of\nSakha (Yakutia): Allaikhovsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Ust-Yansky and\nNizhnekolymsky and all municipal areas of the Chukotka Autonomous Region\n(Anadyrsky, Bilibinsky, Chukotsky, Iultinsky (now UD Egvekinot) districts, urban\ndistricts Providensky and Pevek). The official statistics were used (Federal\nState Statistics Service, Russian Geological Fund): current costs and\ninvestments in fixed assets for environmental protection and environmental\nmanagement, investments in fixed assets, emissions of polluting substances into\nthe atmosphere, discharge of polluted wastewater, structure of emissions of\npolluting substances, resource structure of the mineral resource base, as well\nas calculated by the author economic optimum of environmental costs, the\nproposed and calculated index of economic sufficiency of environmental\nactivities, compiled diagrams and a map of differentiation and density of\nmineral deposits. The time period is 2007-2017. for the analysis of the\ndynamics of the process, for comparative analysis – individual years. This\nchoice was determined by recessions and ups in the economy, as well as the\navailability of comparable information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Research\nresults.<\/strong> The major\nconstituents of the environmental condition on the territories under\nconsideration include pollution of air and water, production of industrial and\nhousehold waste and contamination by them of territories as well as radiation\npollution. According to data of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and\nEnvironmental Monitoring, the radiation background on these territories is within\nnormal limits and atmospheric air pollution has also significantly decreased\n[11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Last years the river waters were rated as \u201cpolluted\u201d and \u201cmuch polluted\u201d. The priority pollutants were the organic substances, compounds of iron, copper, zinc and manganese, phenols and oil products. And, despite the fact that the volumes of discharged polluted wastewaters did not practically increase (Figs.1-2), according to the State report on the environmental situation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) [12], the state of surface waters degrades. This is explained by the fact that the majority of working wastewater treatment facilities was constructed more than 30-40 years ago. The technical condition of many of them is unsatisfactory, treatment technology is obsolete and, often, the facilities of only mechanical treatment function and, therefore, the operated facilities do not provide the standard sewage water treatment. The undertaken earlier investigations showed that only 2 districts in the Chukotka Autonomous Region – Anadyrsky and Iultinsky – were subjected to partial limitation of the water-intensive enterprises functioning in connection with pollution of water resources in the Arctic territories of the Russian Far East. The rest of districts of Chukotka (Bilibinsky, Chukotsky, UD Providensky, UD Pevek) have no limitations [13]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The other significant problems for the Arctic\nterritories of the Far East are production and storage of solid industrial and\nhousehold waste as well as formation of unsanctioned landfills, which results\nin pollution of territories, underground and surface waters, disturbance of\nlandscapes etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The greatest volume of wastes is produced at the enterprises of mining\nindustry and basic mass of them is comprised of the overburden rocks, concentration\ntailings and ash and slag dumps. High volume and rate of waste accumulation and\npoor development of the waste recycling industry lead to the fact that the main\nmethod of disposal is the waste burial in the dump sites. The sanitary\ncondition of the disposal sites remains unsatisfactory: enclosure and banking\nare often absent, the territories and approach roads are not well-equipped and\novercrowded with waste, the works in recultivation are not carried out, the\nasset holder of the dump is not determined, the register of waste generators is\nnot kept and accounting of household waste income is not arranged at the level\nof municipal entities, settlements etc. [12]. The changes in the land\ncategories occur also.\nThe changes in areas took place in four categories: in lands of agricultural\ndesignation, in industrial, transport and other lands, in forest reserve lands\nand in reserve lands, provided that the increase in areas occurred only in the\nindustrial land category while the areas of agriculture and forest reserve\nlands decreased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n On the territories of the Far-Eastern northern\nregions, the options of expanding the areas used in the agriculture are severely\nlimited. Development of new lands for agricultural exploitation can be\nexercised here only after taking the cost-intensive melioration measures. By\nnow, in a majority of the Far-Eastern regions, the all-round reduction in both\nareas under crops and agricultural lands as a whole took place as a result of\ncrisis situations. The extensive types of land use occupy territories to north\nof the agricultural areal where the reindeer breeding is developed. In the\nmajority of cases, the reindeer breeding is a part of traditional use of\nnatural resources by the indigenous minorities. The reindeer-breeding type of\nland use is presented by the reindeer breeding proper and reindeer breeding\nwith the patchy agriculture. The agriculture is presented on these territories\nby small areas of agricultural lands in the vicinity of settlements which are\nused by the local population for production of the vegetable and dairy products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Apart from the economic activity, the efficiency of nature management is\nalso formed by the environment-related activity. The efficiency of the\nenvironment-related activity in these regions is very low (Table 1) and,\naccording to our calculations and official statistics [12,14], these tendencies\nretain also in current times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In view of the financial maintenance of the activity aimed at the reduction in negative impact of the production on the environment, the current cost, investments for the environment protection (EP) and sustainable nature management as well their structure do not meet the necessary ones [15] (Table 1, Fig.3). The actual volumes of investment in the EP are enormously small as compared to the economic optimum, which proposed by S.I. Kolesnikov and must comply with 8% of GRP (Gross Regional Product) [15]. This is evidenced by the index of economic sufficiency (IES) of the environment-related activity, which is defined by the ratio of the actual volumes of financing the EP and sustainable nature management and economic optimum at the optimal value of IES-1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The territories of the northern regions having in\npossession the various and significant by reserves natural resources are by far\nones of the prospective development. The structure of the Far-Eastern mineral\nresource base as a whole is characterized by a predominance of the deposits of\nthe solid commercial minerals. In its arctic zone, 1115 deposits and sectors of\nthe solid mineral raw materials and hydrocarbons were revealed and some of\ndeposits are developed [16]. 77% of deposits located in the East of the Russian\narctic zone fall on the Chukotka Autonomous Region. Their maximum number was\nregistered in the Bilibinsky, Iultinsky and Chaunsky districts of Chukotka as\nwell as in Ust-Jansky district of Yakutia [17].<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The leaders by the variety of deposit types are the\nIultinsky district of the Chukotka AR and Ust-Jansky district of Yakutia because,\nin each of them, 8 of 11 basic mineral-resource groups are presented. More than\nhalf of the tungsten, uranium and common commercial minerals deposits and one\nthird of the tin and lead ones in the Far-Eastern arctic zone fall on the\nIultinsky district of Chukotka AR. In the Ust-Jansky district of Yakutia, two\nthirds of lead deposits and fourth of mercury deposits are concentrated. One\ncan also identify such districts of Chukotka as Anadyrsky (more than 70% of\nhydrocarbons deposits), Bilibinsky (80% of copper deposits and 42% of noble\nmetal ones), Chaunsky (40% of tin deposits). In the group of districts with\npoor variety of deposits, one can note the Providensky district where,\nnevertheless, a half of uranium deposits was discovered and Anabarsky district\nof Yakutia on which three fourths of diamond deposits of the Far-Eastern arctic\nzone fall (Fig.4) [17]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Therefore, one can identify the crucial significance of the extractive sectors in the industrial structure of the Far-Eastern arctic zone. To them, the prospects for the development of these regions are related which is confirmed by the basic tendency (extraction and processing) of the investment projects under consideration: Anabarsky ulus (oil, gas), Bulunsky ulus (oil, gas), Allankhovsky ulus (construction raw materials, in particular, broken stone), Ust-Jansky ulus (tin, gold) in Sakha (Yakutia) and Anadyrsky ulus (Beringovsky settlement) (underground and quarry mining, enrichment and transshipment of sintering coal; copper, gold, silver) in the Chukotka AR [18,19]. And only three projects are characterized by the environment-oriented trend: \u201cEcologically-safe conservation of the tailing dump of the Deputatsky ore mining and processing enterprise\u201d (Ust-Jansky ulus, Yakutia), \u201cConstruction of the mini-plant for recycling of the municipal solid waste in the settlement of Chokurdakh\u201d (Allankhovsky ulus, Yakutia) and \u201cProduction of clean water in the settlement of Chokurdakh\u201d (Allankhovsky ulus, Yakutia) [based on materials “Strategy …” [19].<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Table 2,\nan analysis of possible subsequences of the prospective kinds of production\nactivities at existing parameters (current level): environmental situation,\ntechnologies of production and waste disposal, economic resilience of the\nenvironment-related activity, absence of the investment projects with environment-related\norientation, lack of the necessary infrastructure facilities as well as\noccurrence of the negative natural phenomena and potential emergency situations\nis presented. It is evident that the risks of significant damage to population\nlife activity will be sufficiently high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Discussion.<\/strong> In accordance with the purpose of this\nwork and the objectives he performed research has shown that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. considered territories have great possibilities for the further\ndevelopment and are attractive to investors;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. in current times, the arctic territories of the RFE have suffered\nchanges as a result of the negative man-caused impact the basic consequences of\nwhich are air and water pollution, generation of industrial and household\nwastes and pollution of the territories by them;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. in this connection and also as a result of the low resistance and\nregenerative capability, they are exposed to significant risks posed by a\nrealization of the assumed kinds of economic activity up to irreversible subsequences and\ncausing the material damage to the life-sustaining activity of people;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. for realization of prospects for development of these territories, the measures to elimination of the existing adverse pollutions and disturbances as well as the landscape restoration should be high-priority. Over recent years, it has become fashionable to speak [20-25 and etc.] of the green economy considering it as something new: green economic growth, new concept of the economic growth, wider than currently accepted. In particular, it is suggested to take into account the damage accompanied of the economic growth and afflicted to the environment and other similar losses of the national wealth. As the growth continues to destruct the natural capital, the risks for development are raised. If this\ntendency is not restrained then it can result in aggravation of deficiency of\nwater and other resources, higher pollution, climatic changes and\nirreparable loss of biodiversity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n All of this enters into the concepts of \u201crational nature management\u201d,\n\u201csustainable nature management\u201d etc. Only one more term\n\u201cgreen economy\u201d, \u201cgreen economic growth\u201d was added [26,27]. The situation\nremains constant because the ecological component holds so far third position\nin order of importance next economic and social ones. And as long as this\ndisbalance in the priorities will exists, the environmental conditions will\ndeteriorate which will have a significant impact on biodiversity, purity of\nenvironment and above all on a human, its health and life activities. As an\ninitial stage, it is necessary to put together a special program on realization\nof the \u201cgreen\u201d economy principles including also individual branches of the\nnational economy in the regions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n In that respect, in our opinion, a\nrealization of the following measures is of great importance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.When developing the investment projects (including with involvement of\nthe foreign companies) as well as programs of prospective development, the\nhigh-priority measures should include establishing the structures intended for\nnature protection purposes. In the short term, the development of the\nterritories in question, in our opinion, should not be based on extractive\nindustries, but on economically sound and environmentally sound types of\neconomic activity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.\nDevelopment of alternative energy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Development of environment-oriented and simultaneously economically sound\ntechnologies: <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Development of traditional types of activity and\nbreeding of traditional species of plants and animals (especially, for\ntraditional indigenous habitats):<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.\nActivation of the forest-protection and reafforestation works;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Reduction of emissions and discharges; 7. Waste utilization as the secondary raw material;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. Land reclamation\n(depletion, disturbance, pollution);<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9. Organic\nagriculture;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10.\nCost-effective use of resources;<\/p>\n\n\n\n When preparing the programs of developing the arctic\nterritories of the Russian Far East, the results of the research conducted and\nconclusions can be used by the appropriate administrative arrangements of\ndifferent hierarchical levels and also organizations of the environmental\norientation. In addition to it, we plan to give consideration to the existing\nstructure of nature management and determine the possible structure, tendencies\nand consequences of the production-nature relations in accordance with the\nplanned investment projects of developing these territories. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusions. <\/strong>In the Strategy of the sustainable development of the\narctic uluses [18,19], it is emphasized that \u201cThe long-time benchmark of\ndeveloping the arctic uluses and areas of compact settlement of the indigenous\nminority of the North is a provision of the transition to the effective model\nof development, namely, balanced solving the problems of developing the\nindustry and traditional kinds of economic management of the North\nnationalities under the conditions of obligatory preservation of the natural\necological systems and biological diversity\u201d. Concerning the\nbalanced state in general and for the territories under consideration in\nparticular, it will be difficult to combine the development of industry\n(mainly, extractive and greatly affecting ones) with the preservation of the natural ecological systems and\nbiological diversity\u201c. We consider that the ecological balance of the nature management\nshould have a primacy. Certainly, the development of traditional kinds of\neconomic management the\nindigenous minority of the North is one of the main components of this model. Apart from that, the\nrealization of the environmental projects and use of innovative technologies\nare necessary. The successful sustainable development of the arctic territories\nis possible only with the government assistance and economic regulation\nincluding the organization of hunting, fishery, deer farming and other national\nbusinesses as well as activation of the real, essential to the arctic\nterritories activity in the field of environmental protection and efficient use\nof natural resources. A successful development of the\nFar-Eastern North territories on the principles of the \u201cgreen economy\u201d depends\nupon the active position of the federal and regional governments, granting tax\nexemptions and other preferences for the \u201cgreen\u201d business and, most\nimportantly, on strict control of its accomplishment and adoption of effective\nsanctions as provided for in the legislation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n References<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.Hein, K. (2016). Spatial scales, stakeholders and the valuation of\necosystem services \/ K. Hein, R.S. Koppen, E.C. de Groot. <\/em>Ecological economics, 57, 209-228.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Barros, V.R. (2014). Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and\nvulnerability. Part B: regional aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to\nthe fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. [Electronic source] URL:\/\/www.ipcc-wg2.org\/AR5\/images\/uploads\/WGIIAR5-FrontMatterB_FINAL.pdf<\/a> (reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Chapin, F.S.\nIII<\/a>. Sommerkorn,\nMartin<\/a>; Robards,\nMartin D.<\/a> (2015). Ecosystem stewardship: A resilience framework\nfor arctic conservation<\/a>. Global environmental change-human and policy dimensions, <\/a>34, 207-217.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. De Groot, R. (2012). Hussain Global estimates of the\nvalue of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem Services<\/a>,\n1, 1, 50-61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Moe, A. (2016). The dynamics of Arctic development<\/em>. Asia in the Arctic. Singapore:\nSpringer, 3-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Rempel, H.<\/a> (2011). The Arctic’s Raw Materials Potential and Deposits<\/a>. Osteuropa,<\/a> 61, 2, 113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Broderstad,\nE.G.<\/a> (2014). Resilient communities? Collapse and recovery of a\nsocial-ecological system in Arctic Norway<\/a>. Ecology and society,<\/a> 19, 3. [Electronic source] URL:\/\/www.dx.doi.org\/10.5751\/ES-06533-190301<\/a> (reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. Davies, W.<\/a> (2015). ‘Frame Conflicts’ in Natural Resource Use: Exploring\nFramings Around Arctic Offshore Petroleum Using Q-Methodology<\/a>. Environmental\nPolicy and Governance, <\/a> 26, 6, 482-497. [Electronic\nsource] URL:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1002\/eet.1668<\/a> (reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9.\nKapyla, J<\/a>. (2016).The promise of the geoeconomic Arctic: a critical analysis<\/a>. Asia Europe\nJournal<\/a>, 14, 2, 203-220. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 10. Ranking of RF regions by quality of life \u2013\n2015. (2016). RSA Ranking. Moscow, 61. [Electronic source] URL:\/\/www<\/a>.vid1.rian.ru\/ig\/ratings\/life_2015.pdf<\/a> (reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11. Review of the environmental state and\npollution in the Russian Federation over 2015. (2016). Federal Service for\nHydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Rosgidromet). Moscow, 203.\n[Electronic source] URL:\/\/www<\/a>.meteorf.ru<\/a> (reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 12.\nBrief state report on the environmental situation in the Republic of Sakha\n(Yakutia) in 2018.Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Ministry of\nNature Protection of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), prepared The Ministry of\nEcology, Nature Management and Forestry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),\nauthorized executive body of state power of the Republic of Sakha Yakutia) in\nthe field of environmental protection. 2019.Yakutsk, 61p. [Electronic source]\nURL:\/\/ www.minpriroda.sakha.gov.ru\/gosdoklady-o-sostojanii-okruzhajuschej-sredy\n(reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 13. Stepanko, N.G. (2017). Nature-production relations in\nthe Far-Eastern North regions. Advances of the modern natural sciences, 4,\n120-125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 14. Regions of\nRussia. (2018). Socio-economic indicators. 2018: R.32: Statistical book. Federal State\nStatistics Service. Moscow, 1162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 15. Kolesnikov, S.I. (2000). Economics of nature use.\nStudy guide. Rostov-on-Don, 14-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 16. Accounting items of the national cadastre\nof mine fields. Federal Agency on Mineral Resources. Rosgeolfond. (2019).\n[Electronic source] URL:\/\/www<\/a>.rfgf.ru\/gkm(reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 17. Tkachenko, G.G. (2016). Territorial differentiation of the\nmineral-resource fields in the East of the Arctic zone of Russia. Geosystems and their components in\nthe Northeast Asia: evolution and dynamics of natural, natural-resource and\nsocio-economic relations<\/a>.\nVladivostok: Dalnauka, 557-564.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 18. Strategy of the social and economic\ndevelopment of the Chukotka Autonomous Region until 2030. Official site of the\nCAR administration. (2016). Anadyr, 36. [Electronic source] URL:\/\/www<\/a>.\u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430.\u0440\u0444\/power\/priority_areas\/priorities_for_development\/development-strategy.php<\/a>(reference date 17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 19. Strategy of socio-economic development of\nthe arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period until 2030. Center for strategic studies of\nthe republic of Sakha (Yakutia). (2018). Yakutsk, 141.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 20. Araya, D., Shang, J., Liu, J. (2011). ICTs and\nthe green economy: U.S. and Chinese Policy in the 21st<\/sup> Century .\nChapter 11. T. Houghton, (Ed.), (pp.\n239-254). New York: Peter Lang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 21. Barbier, E. (2011). The policy challenges for\ngreen economy and sustainable economic development. Natural Resources Forum,\n35, 233-245.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 22. Greening The Economy With Climate-Smart\nAgriculture. (2012). Background<\/p>\n\n\n\n Paper for the\nSecond Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate<\/p>\n\n\n\n Change Hanoi,\nVietnam, 3-7 September, 52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 23. Inclusive\nGreen Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development. (2012). Washington, DC:\nWorld Bank. [Electronic source] URL:\/\/www<\/a>. siteresources.worldbank.org\/ (reference date\n17.04.2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 24. Johnson, M. (2010). Green Economy\nas a System. Harvard Business Review, 1\/2, 87-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 25. Webber, M.,\nSmith, M. (2014). Foreign Policy in a Transformed World. Routledge, 392.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 26. Dudin,\nM.N. (2017). Sixth technological mode and green\neconomy as the basis of strategic reclamation of Arctic territories<\/a> . Academy of Strategic Management Journal<\/a>, 16, S1<\/a>, 71-81.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 27. Kelmelis, J.\n(2011). A.<\/a>Arctic Warming Ripples through Eurasia<\/a>. Eurasian\ngeography and economics, <\/a>52, 1, 56-78.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" UDC 502.3:91 (571.65\/66) DOI 10.24411\/2413-046\u0425-2019-10199 ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST \u042d\u041a\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u041e-\u042d\u041a\u041e\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0415 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u042b \u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0419 \u0414\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u0415\u0413\u041e \u0412\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410 \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0418 The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Sci\u00adence and Higher Education of the Russian Federation\/(Russia) (theme \u201cGeograph\u00adical and geopolitical factors in the inertia, dynamics and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[173],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7IyHt-3qj","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13163"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13938,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163\/revisions\/13938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qje.su\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/qje.su\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bezymyannyj-48.png\")
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