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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2587-6740</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">114121</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55186/25876740_2024_67_2_188</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научное обеспечение и управление агропромышленным комплексом</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific support and management of agrarian and industrial complex</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научное обеспечение и управление агропромышленным комплексом</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Highly virulent and specific biopesticides based on genetically modified entomopathogenic fungi</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Высоковирулентные и специфичные биопестициды на основе генетически модифицированных энтомопатогенных грибов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шухалова</surname>
       <given-names>Анастасия Геннадиевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shukhalova</surname>
       <given-names>Anastasia Gennadievna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nastyadzh@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-3971</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тимофеев</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Timofeev</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ts-bio@ya.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-2633</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Долгих</surname>
       <given-names>Вячеслав Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dolgikh</surname>
       <given-names>Viacheslav Vasil'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dol1slav@yahoo.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>188</fpage>
   <lpage>191</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-08T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>08</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://qje.su/en/nauka/article/114121/view">https://qje.su/en/nauka/article/114121/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Использование энтомопатогенных грибов является перспективным направлением в биологической борьбе с насекомыми вредителями. Важными преимуществами этой методики является простота культивирования этих грибов, а также их безопасность для всех живых организмов кроме насекомых. Однако этот подход не лишен существенных недостатков, главным из которых являются относительно низкая вирулентность данных паразитов насекомых. Эта проблема может быть решена за счет генетической модификации используемых штаммов. В данном обзоре представлены актуальные данные о создании новых биопестицидов на основе таких штаммов и об их возможном применении в сельском хозяйстве. Основными методами трансформации энтомопатогенных грибов являются полиэтиленгликоль-опосредованная трансформация протопластов, трансформация с помощью агробактерий, электропорация пророщенных конидий и химическая трансформация бластоспор. В геном этих организмов встраивают последовательности, кодирующие различные эффекторные молекулы, способные негативно воздействовать на зараженных ими насекомых, например токсины из ядов хищных насекомых или паразитоидов. Недавно были созданы первые штаммы энтомопатогенных грибов, секретирующих в организм зараженных насекомых двуцепочечные РНК, способные подавлять экспрессию их жизненно важных белков. Повышение вирулентности данных штаммов происходит специфично к конкретному виду насекомого вредителя. Для эффективного применения подобных пестицидов важно обеспечить доставку энтомопатогенного гриба к вредителю. Основными способами является полив растений или почвы, опрыскивание, замачивание корней или семян, использование насекомых посредников. Самым распространенным способом является полив растений. В то же время хотя при внесении в почву энтомопатогенные грибы заражают только насекомых, которые находятся в грунте, в этом случае они наиболее защищены от воздействия внешних условий. Против кровососущих насекомых, как клещи и комары, можно использовать опрыскивание скота и жилой площади.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The use of entomopathogenic fungi represents a promising avenue in biological pest control against insect pests. This method offers significant advantages, including the ease of cultivating these fungi and their safety to non-target organisms, apart from insects. Nevertheless, a notable drawback of this approach is the relatively low virulence of entomopathogenic fungi towards insect hosts. This challenge can be addressed through genetic modification of the fungal strains. This review provides up-to-date insights into the development of novel biopesticides based on genetically modified strains and their potential applications in agriculture. The main methods of transformation of entomopathogenic fungi are polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of protoplasts, transformation using agrobacteria, electroporation of germinated conidia and chemical transformation of blastospores. Incorporation of sequences encoding various effector molecules into the genomes of these organisms is a key strategy, allowing these fungi to negatively impact their infected insect hosts. Recent advancements have led to the creation of strains that secrete double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), targeting essential insect proteins, thus enhancing their virulence. Importantly, the enhancement of virulence in these strains is specific to particular pest insect species. Effective delivery of entomopathogenic fungi to target pests is crucial for the successful application of such biopesticides. Common methods include plant or soil drenching, foliar spraying, root or seed soaking, and the use of insect vectors. Soil drenching, for instance, selectively targets soil-dwelling insects, providing protection against environmental factors. For blood-feeding insects like ticks and mosquitoes, livestock and residential area spraying can be employed. This comprehensive overview sheds light on the genetic strategies for augmenting the insecticidal potential of entomopathogenic fungi and underscores the significance of effective delivery mechanisms for their successful utilization in integrated pest management strategies.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>биопестициды</kwd>
    <kwd>энтомопатогенные грибы</kwd>
    <kwd>генетическая модификация</kwd>
    <kwd>Metarrhizium</kwd>
    <kwd>Beauveria</kwd>
    <kwd>Lecanicillium</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>biopesticides</kwd>
    <kwd>entomopathogenic fungi</kwd>
    <kwd>genetic modification</kwd>
    <kwd>Metarrhizium</kwd>
    <kwd>Beauveria</kwd>
    <kwd>Lecanicillium</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта № 23-26-00039.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-26-00039.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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