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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2587-6740</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113935</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55186/25876740_2024_67_1_63</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научное обеспечение и управление агропромышленным комплексом</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific support and management of agrarian and industrial complex</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научное обеспечение и управление агропромышленным комплексом</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of preceders, methods of basic soil treatment and fertilizers on cropping infection and yield of winter wheat</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Влияние предшественников, способов основной обработки почвы и удобрений на засоренность посевов и урожайность озимой пшеницы</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-4507</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кузина</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kuzina</surname>
       <given-names>Elena Viktorovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of agricultural sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ульяновский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.С. Немцова – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Самарского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution>
     <city>Ульяновск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ulyanovsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after N.S. Nemtsev – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Ulyanovsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>63</fpage>
   <lpage>66</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://qje.su/en/nauka/article/113935/view">https://qje.su/en/nauka/article/113935/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье представлен экспериментальный материал полевого опыта, проведенного в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья по изучению влияния предшественников, фонов питания и способов основной обработки почвы на фитосанитарное состояние посевов озимой пшеницы, ее урожайность и качественные показатели зерна. В результате исследований установлено положительное влияние чистого пара на снижение засоренности посевов и очищение пахотного слоя почвы от семян сорняков. Минеральные удобрения в дозе N30P30K30 способствовали увеличению числа сорняков и их сухой массы на 22 и 25% по сравнению с не удобренным фоном. Максимальная засоренность посевов наблюдалась в варианте с мелкой плоскорезной обработкой, в котором к уборке культуры количество сорняков достигало 51,9 шт/м2 при сухой массе 49,2 г/м2 или на 9 и 22% больше, чем на вспашке. Наиболее благоприятные условия для роста и развития озимой пшеницы складывались на фоне дифференцированной в севообороте обработки не зависимо от предшественника. Где чередование способов отвальной и безотвальной дисковой обработок на разную глубину помогло снизить засоренность посевов на 7% и увеличить урожайность на 0,27т/га по сравнению с ежегодной отвальной обработкой. Здесь же наблюдалась наибольшая отзывчивость в сборе зерна от применяемых в опыте удобрений, прибавка в среднем по предшественникам составила – 0,80 т/га относительно не удобренного фона соответствующей обработки. Определено, что применение чистого пара в качестве предшественника для озимой пшеницы являлось эффективным приемом увеличения её урожайности и повышения качества зерна по сравнению с занятым паром. Применение минеральных удобрений под озимую пшеницу по предшественникам чистый и занятый пар способствовало формированию дополнительной урожайности зерна. Прибавки урожайности в удобренных вариантах составили по чистому пару 0,53-0,70 т/га, по занятому пару 0,51-0,92 т/га.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article presents the experimental material of a field experiment conducted in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region to study the influence of predecessors, nutrition backgrounds and methods of basic tillage on the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops, its yield and quality indicators of grain. As a result of the research, a positive effect of pure fallow on the reduction of weed infestation and the cleansing of the arable soil layer from weed seeds was established. Mineral fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 contributed to an increase in the number of weeds and their dry weight by 22 and 25% compared to the unfertilized background. The maximum infestation of crops was observed in the variant with shallow flat-cutting, in which by the time the crop was harvested, the number of weeds reached 51.9 pcs/m2 with a dry weight of 49.2 g/m2, or 9 and 22% more than on plowing. The most favorable conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat developed against the background of differentiated cultivation in crop rotation, regardless of the predecessor. Where the alternation of methods of moldboard and non-moldboard disc tillage at different depths helped to reduce the weediness of crops by 7% and increase the yield by 0.27 t/ha compared to the annual moldboard treatment. Here, the greatest responsiveness in the collection of grain from the fertilizers used in the experiment was observed, the average increase for the predecessors was 0.80 t/ha relative to the non-fertilized background of the corresponding treatment. It was determined that the use of bare fallow as a precursor for winter wheat was an effective method of increasing its yield and improving the quality of grain compared to a busy fallow. The use of mineral fertilizers for winter wheat on the predecessors of clean and busy fallow contributed to the formation of additional grain yield. Yield increases in fertilized variants amounted to 0.53-0.70 t/ha for a clean fallow, and 0.51-0.92 t/ha for an occupied fallow.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>предшественники</kwd>
    <kwd>минеральные удобрения</kwd>
    <kwd>сорные растения</kwd>
    <kwd>озимая пшеница</kwd>
    <kwd>чистый пар</kwd>
    <kwd>обработка почвы</kwd>
    <kwd>урожайность</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>predecessors</kwd>
    <kwd>mineral fertilizers</kwd>
    <kwd>weeds</kwd>
    <kwd>winter wheat</kwd>
    <kwd>bare fallow</kwd>
    <kwd>tillage</kwd>
    <kwd>productivity</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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