This article is dedicated to the conceptualization and scientific substantiation of the role of the Intelligent Agro-Industrial Complex (IAIC) as a fundamental imperative of balanced agricultural policy under conditions of persistent global stochasticity. For the first time in this research, the IAIC is defined as a qualitatively new type of integrative cyber-physical system, whose ontological structure is based on the synergistic triunity of deeply integrated agrobiological, techno-industrial, and intellectual information-management subsystems.The study analyzes the functional and structural characteristics of the Intelligent Agro-Industrial Complex (IAIC) in the context of the global agrarian system and examines the specifics of its development in the Russian Federation, with a particular focus on the grain subsector as a systemically important element of the national economy that ensures food security, stable export revenues, employment, and the development of related industries. An in-depth analysis of exogenous and endogenous factors determining the efficiency and resilience of the IAIC is conducted, and specific barriers associated with its full-scale formation and dissemination are systematized. It is substantiated that the development of the IAIC is a necessary condition for achieving a qualitatively new level of resource efficiency, adaptability, and environmental sustainability of agricultural production, which is critically important for countering modern challenges. Scientifically grounded recommendations are proposed for improving adaptive mechanisms of state regulation and support, aimed at accelerating the processes of IAIC formation in Russia and its integration into global food systems.