The article analyzes the profound structural changes in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2022-2024. The focus is on the regions of the Ural Federal District (Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District). The factors determining the current state of the agro-industrial complex are considered: state support (subsidies, benefits, national projects), sanctions, digitalization, cooperation and consolidation of farms. It was revealed that despite external pressure and sanctions, the industry is showing steady growth: in 2023, the agricultural production index amounted to 100.2% compared to the previous year. The record grain harvest in 2022 (157.6 million tons) ensured an increase in production, while the decline in 2024 (-3.2% according to the index) was associated with unfavorable weather. There is a multidirectional trend in the Urals: the Kurgan region has become the leader (12.5% growth in agriculture). The strengthening of the role of large enterprises and agricultural holdings was noted: for example, 6.2% of farmland is owned by legal entities (an increase from 3.6% in 2022). At the same time, the share of products in the hands of organizations exceeded 60% (by the end of 2024). Much attention is being paid to digitalization: in 2023. Over 3 billion rubles have been allocated to support it, and by mid-2024, 25-30% of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises have implemented modern IT solutions. The results of the analysis confirm that institutional measures (import substitution programs, support for breeding centers, integration of small and large farms by 2026) contribute to the growth of agricultural efficiency. As a result, the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products increases both in the domestic market and in new foreign markets (especially the BRICS countries).